All methodical accounting is based on the principle of double entry, of which the first recorded use was amongst the Genoese in the fifteenth century. This simple theory is based on the assumption that there are two aspects to every transaction: one the surrender of a benefit and other the gain of a corresponding benefit. [...]

Accounting may be defined as the art and science of recording business transactions in a methodical manner so as to show : [a] the true state of the affairs of a business at a particular point of time, and [b] the surplus or deficiency which has accrued during a specified period. Development in the application [...]

It would not be surprising if the reader by now is resigned to close encounters with more equations and formulate that have become the hallmarks of modern business analysis. While quantitative tools are important, they are not the end-all of management, even financial management. We can take a cue from Peter F Drucker: Managers practice [...]

Business projects entail financial support. The finance manager plays a decisive role in choosing which project to implement with his expertise in projecting capital needs, planning financial strategy in raising the capital needed, and most important, determining the profitability of the project.

Procuring adequate capital at least cost gives a firm an excellent start. But the ultimate objective is the efficient use of funds so profit can be maximized and the value of the enterprise raised accordingly. Investors, whether part-owners or creditors, expect earnings from the funds they have invested. Moreover, the owners – the proprietor, the [...]

At the center of every business operation is the need for funds. Business-wise, the term funds has a wider connotation than the layman’s concept of cash. Funds refer to the means of payment, whether in cash or credit, for goods and services. The need for funds, which is loosely synonymous to capital, remains a foremost [...]

Business finance is a branch of study concerned with the allocation, procurement and efficient management of business capital so that a firm can maximize profit, increase its value and fulfill its social role. Business finance involves techniques of estimating and acquiring adequate capital from alternative sources at the best possible terms for the users and [...]